95-11: Re-Use of Reclaimed Municipal Waste Water as Cooling Water Make-Up Cooling Tower Conversion

95-11: Re-Use of Reclaimed Municipal Waste Water as Cooling Water Make-Up Cooling Tower ConversionHigh levels of total dissolved solids, ammonia, phosphate and organic impurities characterize municipal wastewaters. This paper presents results of an in depth laboratory and on site study investigating the use of tertiary treated municipal effluent as cooling water make up. The corrosion, fouling and microbiological challenges unique to this water are analyzed and solutions presented. An analysis of the various components of the cost for treating

0) and without (pH 8

With the greater restrictions on drift emissions that are now required in many locales

have been explained briefly in the paper so that agencies party to PG tests can take an informed decision vis a vis the test conditions of the cold end system as a whole

dry and hybrid cooling systems for typical gas-fired

Choosing the correct biocide program for your particular system requires assessing factors other than free chlorine levels and planktonic microbe counts

A recurring problem of industrial cooling systems is deposition of particulates brought into the cooling system from outside the unit and those particulates generated within the system

and concrete have been used as structural materials in cooling towers for decades

Several aspects of sustainability apply to cooling systems

disciplines

Operational sites have demonstrated significant reductions in operational costs when compared to conventional bromine or chlorine chemicals

Existing concrete cooling tower has been replaced by new steel structure cooling tower

the problems encountered